Articles

Lets Stop Forgetting The Menstrual Health Crisis In Pakistan

There is a curtain of silence surrounding a common and natural occurrence in Pakistani society, which is menstruation. In Pakistan, girls are not only denied access to vital information about their bodies but also detrimental taboos related to menstruation health education. It’s time to end this silence, promote education on period hygiene, and guarantee that girls all throughout the nation have access to sanitary goods. Like many other countries, Pakistan has long struggled with cultural taboos related to menstruation. The stigma and secrecy around menstrual health frequently result in stigmatisation and false information. This cultural silence prevents the development of positive attitudes about menstruation and puts up a barrier to candid conversations about reproductive health. Image Source: arabnews.pk Breaking the taboo around menstruation health is the first step towards empowerment. Menstruation de-stigmatization efforts must to be rolled out in homes, communities, and educational institutions. It is possible to dispel myths, dispel prejudices, and foster an atmosphere where girls feel free to talk about their bodies without feeling ashamed or afraid by having frank and honest discussions about menstruation. A comprehensive teaching approach is necessary to address taboos surrounding menstruation health. Age-appropriate menstrual health education should be incorporated into school curricula to give girls accurate information about their bodies and the changes they will undergo. We can help bring about a societal shift that acknowledges the normal and healthy aspects of this biological process by normalising conversations about menstruation. Not only should fallacies about menstrual hygiene be debunked, but females should also be taught the value of practicing proper cleanliness throughout their periods. It’s important to teach girls the value of cleanliness and good sanitation practices because poor hygiene can result in a number of health problems. Beyond the classroom, females in underprivileged neighbourhoods and rural areas should receive this education. Another essential component of teaching on menstrual health is access to sanitary supplies. Girls in many parts of Pakistan struggle to get period products that are both economical and clean. Access to reusable and environmentally friendly sanitary products is a key component of initiatives aimed at preventing girls from being denied an education because they lack menstruation hygiene supplies. Governmental agencies, non-governmental organisations, and neighbourhood groups ought to work together to create initiatives that provide sanitary goods to communities and schools. These programmes can also teach girls about menstruation product safety—how to use and dispose of them properly, and how important it is to choose products that are safe for both the environment and their bodies. Innovative approaches like community-based seminars, awareness campaigns, and collaborations with nearby health facilities can fill the gap in rural areas where resources may be scarce. We can create a culture that values menstruation health as a vital component of overall wellbeing by including the community. Image Source : Freepik.com It’s critical to understand that menstrual health education aims to empower girls by addressing their feelings of empowerment in addition to the practical issues of menstruation. Girls can better pursue their education and reach their full potential when they have an understanding of their bodies, have access to resources, and are not restricted by cultural taboos. To sum up, educating girls in Pakistan about menstruation health is essential to breaking down social stigmas, encouraging good hygiene, and guaranteeing that they have access to sanitary goods. By ending the taboo around menstruation, we can give girls the confidence and dignity to handle this normal part of life. We can build a future where menstruation is accepted as a normal and healthy aspect of every girl’s journey to maturity via activism, education, and community involvement.

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Women’s Integral Role in Transforming Pakistan’s Agriculture

Women have become unsung heroes in the middle of Pakistan’s agricultural landscape, significantly influencing the agricultural sector’s course. Their efforts, which have hitherto been overlooked and underappreciated, have been crucial in promoting resilience, accelerating innovation, and changing the agrarian economy. Busting Preconceptions: In Pakistan’s past, agriculture was thought to be a field dominated by men, with women only allowed to handle home duties. Nonetheless, a paradigm change has been observed in recent years as more women actively enter the agricultural field. Women all around the nation are defying gender stereotypes and actively participating in all aspects of farming, taking on careers outside the house. Image Source: Freepik.com Working in the fields is one important way that women support Pakistani agriculture. Women are involved in labor-intensive tasks that are essential to agricultural output, from planting seeds to harvesting crops. Women and men are often observed working together to cultivate a variety of crops in Punjab and Sindh, including cotton, sugarcane, and wheat. Entrepreneurship and Agribusiness: Beyond the confines of traditional vocations, Pakistani women are progressively launching their own businesses and making contributions to the agricultural industry as agri-entrepreneurs. An increase in women-owned farms, poultry companies, and dairy farms is indicative of this change. These women are creating economic growth in their communities and safeguarding their own lives by embracing new farming practices and expanding their agricultural operations. Technology and Education Accessible: More access to technology and knowledge is directly related to women’s empowerment in agriculture. Women are more capable of making educated decisions, putting sustainable farming techniques into practice, and increasing productivity when educational efforts centred around agricultural practices and technology are implemented. With the introduction of mobile technology, women farmers now have even more power as they can now access weather forecasts, market data, and best practices for farming. Social Impact and Community Building: Women in agriculture frequently have a significant impact on social impact and community development. Through joint efforts such as women-led agricultural cooperatives, they pool resources, expertise, and assistance. These cooperatives improve agricultural output and foster socioeconomic growth, which benefits not only individual women but entire communities. Obstacles and Fortitude: Women in agriculture confront a number of obstacles despite their enormous contributions, such as restricted access to resources, unequal land rights, and insufficient funding. But as they get over these challenges, their tenacity comes through, showing that they’re determined to shatter down boundaries and make significant contributions to the agriculture industry. Image Source : Freepik.com The Pakistani government has launched a number of initiatives to support and develop women farmers in recognition of the critical role that they play in the agricultural industry. These programmes include lending facilities, training, and advocating for laws that level the playing field for women and men in the agriculture industry. NGOs and advocacy groups are also putting out a lot of effort to support the rights of women in agriculture and to raise the voices of these women. Pakistani women who work in agriculture are not just contributors; they are also innovators who are reshaping the country’s agricultural environment. There is no denying that women in agriculture are having a revolutionary impact as they access education and technology, challenge conventional gender roles, and create resilient communities. Their contributions are essential for both economic expansion and food security, and they also open the door for Pakistan’s agriculture to become more inclusive and sustainable in the future.

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The Rise of Women in STEM in Pakistan

Pakistan has seen a notable increase in the number of women working in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) disciplines during the last ten years. A number of factors, including cultural shifts, educational improvements, and women’s unwavering will to tear down barriers, are responsible for this good transformation. A revolutionary age for Pakistan’s scientific environment is shown by analysing the variables that contributed to this transition and recognising the exceptional achievements made by women in STEM fields. Image Source: scientiamag.org Shifting Views in Society: Ten years ago, society expectations were mostly determined by traditional gender conventions, and STEM areas were thought to be dominated by men. But over time, there has been a noticeable shift in societal viewpoints. Girls are encouraged to seek jobs in STEM disciplines because families and communities are beginning to acknowledge the potential and intellectual capacity of women in these fields. Learning Possibilities: Pakistan’s educational system has changed, placing more of a focus on giving both women equal chances. There are now programmes and educational establishments that assist and encourage STEM education for female students. Scholarships, outreach initiatives, and mentorship programmes have all been vital in helping aspirational young women have greater access to STEM education. Governmental Programmes: The encouragement of women to pursue careers in STEM sectors has been greatly aided by government efforts. A favourable atmosphere for women pursuing jobs in previously male-dominated fields has been created by the implementation of policies encouraging gender inclusion in education and the workforce. Scholarships, STEM programme seats earmarked for women, and awareness campaigns to dispel gender stereotypes are a few examples of such initiatives. Mentorship and role models: Younger generations are inspired by the presence of accomplished women in STEM fields. The availability of mentoring programmes and role models offers direction and support to aspiring female technicians, engineers, and scientists. Seeing women succeed in STEM industries inspires other women to follow their dreams and trust in their own abilities. Building Communities and Networks: Initiatives to foster community and networking are actively being participated in by women in STEM. Establishing a feeling of community among women in STEM is greatly aided by platforms and organisations that link them. By offering assistance, exchanging stories, and establishing a platform for cooperation, these networks promote an atmosphere that is more welcoming and powerful. Worldwide Patterns: Pakistan has also been impacted by the worldwide movement that emphasises the value of diversity in STEM fields. A greater understanding and acceptance of women’s responsibilities in STEM areas has been facilitated by international talks and activities supporting gender equality in these professions. This global viewpoint complements regional initiatives, fostering a more welcoming environment. Demonstrating their mettle: Not only are Pakistani women entering the STEM disciplines, but they are thriving and leaving a lasting impact. Women are demonstrating their abilities in a variety of STEM fields, from ground-breaking research to creative technology solutions. Their achievements defy preconceived notions and demonstrate the priceless insights and abilities they offer. Dealing with Social Issues: Through their profession, women in STEM are well positioned to solve social concerns. Women in STEM are at the forefront of solving practical issues and bringing about good change, whether it is by advancing technical innovation, discovering solutions for healthcare, or supporting sustainable development. Image Source : Ali Atif In conclusion, the rise in women’s participation in STEM fields in Pakistan during the last ten years is evidence of the joint efforts of people, groups, and organisations aiming to create a society that is more equal and inclusive. There is a transformative era where the potential of every mind, regardless of gender, is recognised and valued in the pursuit of scientific and technological advancements. This is made possible by the changing narrative surrounding women in STEM, the establishment of supportive educational environments, and the outstanding achievements of women in these fields. The growth in the number of women working in STEM fields in Pakistan is not the only thing to celebrate; it is also a testament to their skill, resiliency, and shared conviction that diversity fosters creativity and advancement.

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Late-Night Driving in Pakistani Smog: Economic Hazards

Driving late in the dense haze of pollution presents a new problem for people traversing Pakistan’s busy cities as the sun sets. Although health hazards are frequently the primary worry, driving in the pollution at night has more practical consequences than only harming one’s health. It also affects people’s finances and changes the dynamics of families all over the nation. Image Source: arabnews.pk Better Visibility and a Rise in Accidents: The substantially reduced vision that comes with driving late in the haze is one of the most urgent risks. Traffic signals, road markers, and even the cars a few metres in front are all obscured by the dense cloud. This decrease in visibility makes it far more likely that there will be accidents, putting both vehicles and pedestrians in danger. Economic Consequences: Driving in pollution at night has significant cost consequences in addition to the obvious safety risks. Owners of vehicles pay more for insurance because of the higher chance of accidents. In addition, accident-related replacements and repairs add to the financial strain on people and families. Fuel Waste and Rising Expenses: When driving in pollution, one must exercise caution, which frequently means going slower and stopping more frequently. This careful driving style results in fuel inefficiency, which has a direct financial impact on those who have to fill up more often because of the decreased mileage. The growing expense of travel for everyday commuters is partly caused by the increased fuel usage. Disturbance in Daily Journeys: Driving in the pollution at night disturbs people’s everyday commutes, especially those who depend on it for transit to work. A nation where a large number of families rely on several sources of income, difficulties at work, the possibility of losing one’s job, and unstable finances might result from inefficient commuting. Effect on Education of Children: The difficulties of late-night driving in haze have a direct effect on schooling for families whose children attend school. There may be interruptions in the school routine and a negative impact on the pupils’ overall academic performance if parents are afraid to transport their kids to school or attend school functions. Restrictions on Social Engagement: Families are unable to participate in social activities since driving in pollution is dangerous, especially at night and in the evening. The cultural fabric of Pakistani society is impacted by this restriction on social connections, which makes it more difficult for communities to unite through festivals, celebrations, and get-togethers. Growing Dependency on Alternative Modes of Transportation Families that have to deal with the difficulties of driving in the haze at night could choose to use public transportation or ridesharing services as an alternative. Although these options address the current safety issues, they would result in higher daily commute expenses, which would have an effect on family budgets and discretionary money. Drivers’ Psychological Effects: The persistent tension and worry that come with driving through smoky neighbourhoods after dark can have a negative impact on drivers’ mental health. Stress levels are raised and general quality of life is negatively impacted by the dread of accidents and the annoyance of slow-moving traffic. Image Source : Freep.com In conclusion, there are practical implications for people and families as well as health risks associated with driving after dark in Pakistani pollution. Beyond the immediate risk of impaired sight, a complicated web of obstacles is created by the economic ramifications, interruptions to daily routines, and restrictions on social activities. A multifaceted strategy is needed to address these practical issues, including infrastructure upgrades, public awareness initiatives, and a joint effort to lessen the negative effects of pollution on the lives of those who drive late at night.

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No Gas, No Problem: Quick and Easy Pakistani Recipes Without a Stove

Imagine going a day without gas for your cooker and not knowing how to make a substantial supper. Do not be alarmed! There are many delectable choices that don’t require a stove in Pakistan, where culinary innovation knows no boundaries. These quick and simple dishes may be prepared quickly in a pinch, regardless of whether you have an electric kettle, air fryer, or microwave. Image Source: TheFridayTimes.com 1. Microwave Omelette in a Mug: Ingredients: cheese, chopped vegetables, eggs, salt, and pepper In a mug, beat eggs, add cheese and chopped vegetables, and season with salt and pepper. Your microwave cup omelette is ready to start your day after only two to three minutes in the microwave. 2. Chaat without baking: Ingredients: yoghurt, chutneys, chopped vegetables, boiled chickpeas, and spices In a bowl, mix together chickpeas, vegetables, yoghurt, and your preferred chutneys. For a pleasant and refreshing no-cook chaat, sprinkle with spices. 3. Kettle Neapolitan Noodles: Ingredients: vegetables, sauce, boiling water from an electric kettle, and instant noodles. After adding boiling water from your electric kettle to a bowl of instant noodles, cover and allow to simmer. For a fast fix of noodles, stir in your favourite sauce and vegetables. 4. Pakoras with Air Fryer: Ingredients: vegetables, spices, and besan (gramme flour). Blend besan and spices together to make a dense batter. Vegetables should be dipped in batter and air-fried till golden brown. Deep-fried pakoras that are crisp instead than fried. 5. Baked potatoes in the microwave: Ingredients: potatoes, toppings, salt, and olive oil After sprinkling salt and coating potatoes in olive oil, microwave until they are soft. Add your preferred toppings, like as cheese, sour cream, or herbs. 6. Simplified Fruit Salad: Ingredients: Chaat masala, honey, and fresh fruits. For a cool and healthful no-cook fruit salad, chop up a variety of fresh fruits, drizzle with honey, and sprinkle with chaat masala. 7. Chai in an Electric Kettle: Ingredients: Sugar, milk, water, and tea leaves. Put the tea leaves, sugar, and milk into an electric kettle and bring it to a boil. Pour through a strainer into a cup for a fast and cosy tea. 8. Grilled Sandwich in an Air Fryer: Ingredients: butter, cheese, vegetables, and bread Assemble cheese and vegetables on your sandwich. For a fast and crispy grilled sandwich, brush with butter and air fried till golden brown. 9. Rice Pudding in a Microwave: Ingredients: Cardamom, almonds, sugar, rice, and milk Place rice, milk, sugar, and cardamom into a bowl that is safe to microwave. Cook the rice in brief bursts of the microwave, stirring in between. Add some almonds on top for a delicious rice pudding. 10. Energy Bits Without Baking: Ingredients: nuts, seeds, honey, peanut butter, and oats Mix together the nuts, seeds, honey, peanut butter, and oats. Refrigerate after shaping into little pieces for a rapid and healthful energy boost. Image Source : Freep.com These dishes demonstrate that flavour doesn’t have to sacrifice gas. You can quickly prepare tasty dishes with a little imagination and the appropriate kitchen tools. Try these low- or no-cook meals the next time your cooker breaks to keep your stomach and taste senses satisfied.

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Smog Surge: How to Safeguard Your Health

Pakistan is once again faced with the yearly threat of smog, an unpleasant mixture of smoke and fog that permeates the atmosphere, as winter approaches. The rise in viral infections is a hidden threat that lurks behind the apparent cloud. Cold weather, stagnant air, and higher pollution levels all work together to produce an atmosphere that makes respiratory infections spread quickly. This article seeks to raise awareness of the health risks associated with infections brought on by pollution in Pakistan and offers helpful advice on how people may protect their health. Image Source: SkyNews.com The spread of viruses, especially those that affect the respiratory system, such as influenza, bronchitis, and the common cold, is accelerated by smog. Airborne pollution and viruses combine to produce an ideal environment for the spread of these illnesses. The virus particles attach themselves to the minuscule pollutants, allowing them to remain in the atmosphere for extended durations and raising the possibility of inhalation. At-Home Solutions: Air Purifiers: Purchasing air purifiers with HEPA filters will greatly lower the amount of pollutants found inside. By reducing the chance of viral transmission, these gadgets aid in the creation of a safer sanctuary where people may hide from the outer pollution. Humidifiers: Using humidifiers to keep interior humidity levels at ideal levels will help shield respiratory tract mucous membranes from drying out. By doing this, the body’s defences against viral infections are strengthened naturally. Regular Ventilation: Although it may appear contradictory under smoggy circumstances, enabling regulated ventilation can aid in the replacement of interior air with outdoor air that is fresher. To guarantee the inflow of cleaner air, select periods such as early morning or late evening when pollution levels are relatively lower. Precautionary Steps Outside Wear Masks: When going outside, it’s imperative to wear masks, especially N95 respirators. By efficiently filtering out tiny particulate matter, these masks help protect users from breathing in dangerous pollutants and virus particles. The first line of protection against respiratory infections is to wear a mask. Reduce outside Activities: Reducing outside activity can help lower exposure to contaminated air, particularly during hours of high smog. If you must go outside, pick green places away from busy streets to reduce the chance of breathing in dangerous contaminants. Smog can trigger or worsen allergies, and women may be more susceptible to allergic reactions. The presence of allergens in the air, combined with pollutants in smog, can lead to increased respiratory distress, sneezing, and other allergy-related symptoms in women. Prompt Medical Intervention Identify Symptoms: It’s important to be alert for the early signs of respiratory infections. The symptoms of a persistent cough, shortness of breath, fever, and exhaustion should alert people to seek medical attention as soon as possible. Speak with a Doctor: It’s critical to get prompt medical attention if you become unwell. Viral infections can become more severe if medical intervention is delayed. Physicians can offer the right care and direction to help patients through the healing process. Pregnancy Complications: Women who are expecting are more susceptible to the negative effects of pollution. There is evidence linking pregnant exposure to air pollution to unfavourable outcomes such as low birth weight, premature delivery, and developmental problems. Particulate matter and ozone, two contaminants found in smog, have the ability to pass through the placental barrier and affect the growing fetus’s health as well as the mother’s. Developing Resistance Balanced Diet: The body’s defences against viral infections are strengthened by a nutrient-rich diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and immune-boosting foods. It’s also essential to drink enough water to maintain general health. Frequent Exercise: Exercise on a regular basis strengthens immunity and improves general wellbeing. Include activities that strengthen the respiratory system, including yoga or vigorous walking. Image Source : Freepik.com Awareness and Involvement in the Community Community-based education activities are essential in increasing public knowledge of the health dangers linked to viral infections and pollution. People may be empowered to defend themselves and their communities by receiving knowledge on preventative measures and the value of early intervention. Government Interventions: Policies designed to lessen air pollution should be put into place and upheld by government agencies. To reduce the environmental elements causing smog, this may involve investing in renewable energy sources, encouraging public transportation, and enforcing tougher emissions limits. The spike in viral infections that Pakistan experiences during the pollution season highlights the critical need for preventative health measures. People may protect themselves from the combined threat of viral illnesses and pollution by focusing on strengthening immunity, using masks, adopting at-home remedies, and seeking prompt medical attention. Governmental initiatives together with community-based initiatives are essential to tackling the underlying causes of pollution and reducing the health hazards linked to this seasonal problem. By working together, we can clear the air and create a more salubrious winter climate in Pakistan.

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Unmasking Acne: Understanding the Multifaceted Causes Beyond Skin Deep

People of all ages are susceptible to acne, a widespread skin problem that is frequently more than just a cosmetic issue. Although acne’s surface symptoms are obvious, the underlying causes can be numerous and intricate. This article seeks to explore the many causes of acne, offering a comprehensive explanation of the elements that contribute to this common skin problem. These causes range from hormone imbalances to intestinal health, using the improper components in skincare products, and even certain medical diseases. Image Source: Freepik.com Hormone Distortion Unbalances in hormone levels can lead to breakouts of acne, which is important for the health of the skin. Excess oil production occurs throughout puberty as a result of sebaceous gland stimulation brought on by elevated androgen levels. Acne can also be caused by hormonal changes that occur during menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause. Acne can thrive in an environment where hormonal imbalances are made worse by conditions like polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). 2. Acne and PCOS Androgen excess is common in PCOS-affected women, which can lead to insulin resistance and other hormonal abnormalities. These elements may contribute to an environment that is favourable to the development of acne by raising sebum production and causing irritation. 3. Gut Health Is Important Dermatologists are beginning to recognise the relationship between the stomach and the skin, as evidenced by research indicating that imbalances in gut flora may be a factor in skin problems such as acne. Inflammation brought on by poor gut health might cause skin issues. Skin health may benefit from eating a gut-friendly diet high in probiotics and prebiotics. 4. Cracked Skin Barriers The barrier function of the skin is essential for both staying hydrated and defending against outside aggressors. The integrity of the skin barrier can be compromised by damage to it, which is frequently brought on by rigorous skincare regimens or external circumstances. Acne is a result of the skin being more vulnerable to bacterial invasion when the barrier is damaged. 5. Incorrect Components in Skincare Products The incorrect components may exacerbate acne, and not all skincare products are made equal. Exfoliants that are too abrasive, harsh chemicals, or comedogenic compounds can aggravate acne by irritating the skin. Preventing negative responses requires knowing one’s skin type and selecting products that are tailored to individual requirements. 6. Essential Oils: A Two-Sided Blade While essential oils are highly praised for their many health advantages, some may cause issues for skin that is prone to acne. Some essential oils, such as lavender and coconut oils, may have comedogenic qualities, which might clog pores and result in acne. Unwanted outbreaks can be avoided by using non-comedogenic oils and patch testing new products. 7. Nutritional Elements Skin health is greatly influenced by diet, and some foods might exacerbate the onset of acne. diets with a strong inflammatory potential, dairy products, and high-glycemic diets can all make acne worse. Skin health may be significantly impacted by eating a diet rich in nutrients and well-balanced. 8. Lifestyle and Stress Factors Stress has the potential to upset the hormonal balance and exacerbate breakouts of acne. Skin health can also be impacted by lifestyle factors such as insufficient water, poor food choices, and sleep deprivation. Preventing acne may be made easier by implementing stress-reduction strategies and making a healthy lifestyle a priority. Image Source : Freepik.com Even while acne is sometimes seen as a common but surface-level issue, it is closely related to a number of issues that go far deeper than that. Acne has several causes, ranging from hormone imbalances and intestinal health to using the wrong skincare products, essential oils, and lifestyle decisions. Developing effective preventative and treatment techniques requires an awareness of these many causes. To have healthier, more radiant skin and improve general wellbeing, a comprehensive strategy that takes into account both internal and external variables is essential.

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Developments in Contraception: An Extensive Analysis of Safety, Effectiveness, and Options

Contraception is referred to as a method to prevent unwanted pregnancy. There are various options available for women. Contraception enables couples to imply the concept of family planning. The choice of contraception depends on certain personal preferences like frequency of intercourse, number of partners, the desire to have children in future, prevention of certain transmissible diseases, affordability and diseases of the reproductive system. It enables individuals to safeguard their health along with enjoying the pleasures of life.  There are various modes of contraception available these days and they are offered as per the needs of the user, but the success rates may vary. The most common methods are oral contraceptives, barrier contraception, intrauterine system, intrauterine devices, hormone implants and surgery.  Image Source: merillife.com The merits and demerits of these methods are described below.  Combined oral contraceptive pills  Oral contraceptive pills are composed of hormones estrogen and progestin which are naturally produced by the ovaries. Progestin only pills are also available. This is a reliable mode of contraception exclusive for women, which inhibits ovulation and prevents conception. This method provides added benefit to women suffering from conditions like polycystic ovarian syndrome, dysmenorrhea and heavy menstrual bleeding. It regulates menstrual cycle in women with PCOS and decreases bleeding in women suffering from HMB.  (2)  These pills are taken for 21 days every day at the same time, with a seven-day pill free interval. There is withdrawal bleeding during this phase and the pills are taken after seven days from a new pack.  Combined oral contraceptives reduce the risk of ovarian cancer by 50 percent. However, it may increase the risk of cervical cancer as the use of barrier contraceptives is decreased which increases the exposure to human papilloma virus (HPV). (3)  Barrier contraception  Barrier contraception prevents the sperm from reaching the egg released from the ovary and prevents conception. It also prevents the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases and provides added protection.   Barrier contraception can be provided by various modes like spermicide, sponges, cervical cap, diaphragm in females and condoms in males.  (4)  Condoms- These are usually latex barriers that prevent the sperm from reaching the egg. Its role in preventing STI’s is more pronounced as compared to its function as a contraceptive. The incidence of cervical cancer increases when the use of this barrier contraceptive is decreased as it reduces the risk of transmission of HPV. (5)  Spermicide- As the name indicates, spermicide kills the sperms or makes it inactive. The dysfunctional sperms cannot penetrate the egg; hence fertilization does not occur. It can be used with or without barrier contraceptives, as per convenience. It contains nonoxynyl-9 which has spermicidal activity. It is applied in the vagina sometime before intercourse and may cause burning and local irritation in some women. (6)   Sponge- This is a soft sponge that contains spermicide. It is inserted in the vagina, on the cervix and prevents the sperms from entering the uterus. The spermicide slows the sperm and disables it. It is cheap and easily available, however; it’s not commonly used as better options of contraceptives with better efficacy are available. (7)  Cervical caps- This is usually made up of rubber and is placed over the cervix. Like most of the barrier contraceptives, it prevents the sperm from entering the uterus.  It can be used for a period of one year if cleaned and maintained properly. It can be used with a spermicide for maximum effect and is supposed to be kept in place for at least 6 hours after intercourse. (8)  Diaphragms- These are like cervical caps which are made up of latex or silicon. These are placed onto the cervix and can be used with a spermicide for better results. It may not be ideal for women who’ve recently given birth or have gained weight as there may be size differences. It must remain intact for up to six hours after intercourse. (9)  Intrauterine system  This is a T-shaped device that is placed inside the uterus. This is a long-term method of contraception and provides instant reversal of fertility.  It has 99 percent success rate which makes it the contraceptive choice for most women. It is ideal for women who want a long-term contraceptive choice. It releases progesterone locally which thickens cervical mucus and causes thinning of uterine lining which prevents implantation. This contraceptive device is inserted by a physician and is functional for three to four years depending on the brand.   It is helpful for women having heavy menstrual periods as it makes the periods lighter and pain free. However, it may cause irregular periods in the first few months following insertion. Intrauterine system does not provide protection against STIs hence added protection must be used for its prevention. (10)  Intrauterine device  This is also a T-shaped copper device which is inserted in the uterus by a physician. It releases copper which thickens cervical mucus and causes local atrophy which prevents implantation. It is 99 percent effective in preventing pregnancy. This device provides long term contraception and can remain functional for five to ten years depending on the brand.    There is a risk of infection with copper IUD which must be treated promptly or may lead to pelvic inflammation, and it may cause heavy menstrual bleeding in some women, following its insertion. It has prominent advantages like long term contraception, no induced hormonal changes and is safe to use for breastfeeding mothers.  (11)  Hormone implants  This is a small, rod-shaped contraceptive device that is inserted in the medial side of the upper arm and provides long term contraception. It is efficacy is 99 percent. It is a hormonal device hence; it releases progestin which prevents ovulation, thicken cervical mucus and hinders the access of sperm to the egg and causes thinning of uterine lining which prevents implantation.  There are temporary side effects associated with this like spotting in the first few months, weight gain, acne and breast soreness all of which are due to progesterone release in the blood stream. The benefits

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The Resilient Journey of Women Journalists in Pakistan

In a society where conventional gender conventions have frequently restricted women to certain positions, the experiences of female journalists in Pakistan provide witness to their fortitude, tenacity, and dedication to reporting the truth. These trailblazers have triumphed over many obstacles to not only make a name for themselves in a field dominated by men, but also to fundamentally alter the perception of Pakistani journalism. Image Source: Dawn.com Leaders of Transformation The early work of trailblazers such as Zahida Hina and Maliha Lodhi may be linked to the history of women journalists in Pakistan. Leading Urdu-language columnist Zahida Hina made history in the 1970s by defying social norms and opening doors for a new wave of female journalists. In the 1980s, seasoned journalist and diplomat Maliha Lodhi broke through the glass ceiling by becoming the first female editor of a major English-language daily, therefore encouraging a new generation of female journalists. Handling Difficulties There have been challenges in Pakistan for female journalists. Stereotypes, discriminatory behaviours, and cultural norms have frequently impeded their advancement. Despite these obstacles, female journalists have proven to be resilient and persistent, handling the complexity of their line of work with poise. Numerous female journalists have experienced harassment, both virtual and real, when covering delicate subjects or questioning the existing quo. These difficulties, however, have only made them more determined to carry out their mission and have brought attention to how crucial a free and varied media is to building an inclusive and knowledgeable society. Writing on Gender Concerns In Pakistan, female journalists have been instrumental in bringing attention to gender-related problems that are frequently disregarded by the mainstream media. Women journalists have united through campaigns like the “Aurat March” to raise awareness of issues including workplace harassment, reproductive rights, and gender-based violence. Women journalists contribute to a more comprehensive knowledge of the difficulties experienced by women in Pakistani culture by sharing their tales. Honouring Successes Notwithstanding the obstacles, Pakistani women journalists have accomplished incredible feats. Sana Mir is a skilled sports writer who has broken down barriers for women in a sector that is dominated by men, in addition to covering important athletic events. Her accomplishments show how women journalists are becoming more and more valued for their skills outside of standard reporting duties. International praise has also been bestowed upon the efforts of journalists such as Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy, who switched from print to cinema journalism. With the help of documentaries like “Saving Face” and “A Girl in the River,” Obaid-Chinoy has addressed societal concerns and promoted change through her platform. Accepting Diversity in Narrative An other characteristic of Pakistani women journalists’ journeys is their dedication to broadening the narrative. A more inclusive representation of voices and experiences is ensured in the newsroom by the distinct views that women journalists bring to the table. Their efforts have improved the state of the media and increased awareness of the complex realities that exist in Pakistani society. Image Source : IMDB.com The story of Pakistani women journalists’ journeys is one of overcoming obstacles, shattering stereotypes, and changing the course of journalism in the nation. These women have shown the value of storytelling in raising awareness and bringing about constructive change, from the trailblazing pioneers to the modern journalists making waves in a variety of media sources. The influence of female journalists in Pakistan goes well beyond the workplace as they keep dispelling misconceptions and elevating varied perspectives, fostering a more just and knowledgeable community.    

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Women-Led Media Initiatives Transforming Pakistan’s Narrative

Pakistan has seen a dramatic change in the media environment in recent years, with a rise in female-led projects shattering long-standing stereotypes. In addition to questioning gender conventions, these initiatives support a more varied and inclusive media coverage. In the fields of journalism and filmmaking, women are taking on leadership roles, influencing stories, and promoting a new age of female empowerment. Image Source: Participedia.com Modifying the Journalism Narrative Like many other regions of the world, Pakistan has historically had a preponderance of men in the media industry. But a new generation of female journalists is upending this tradition and putting original viewpoints and tales front and centre. Women-led media organisations like “Aurat March” and “Aurat Haq” highlight problems that are important to women’s rights and provide voice to those who were frequently disregarded or marginalised. These programmes question conventional wisdom and bring attention to social concerns while dispelling myths that have kept women’s experiences inside the boundaries of custom. A key role that women-led media is playing in promoting awareness and conversation is providing a more comprehensive picture of society. Encouraging Film and Documentary Works Pakistani female filmmakers are achieving great things and telling stories that appeal to people all around the world. One outstanding example of a women-led production company that concentrates on presenting stories that subvert social conventions and increase awareness of social concerns is “Zahra Films,” located in Lahore. Documentary initiatives such as “Breaking the Silence” and “Strings Attached” delve into subjects including women’s rights, domestic abuse, and the challenges faced by underprivileged groups. These films present a complex viewpoint that transcends clichés, highlighting the difficulties but also celebrating the tenacity and fortitude of women. Getting Around in Digital Environments Digital media has shown to be an effective instrument for Pakistani women-led media efforts. Social media is used by forums like “The Women’s Action Forum” to spread knowledge, encourage dialogue, and create a feeling of community. These projects are dismantling the established information gatekeepers and reaching a broad audience through blogs, podcasts, and internet campaigns. Additionally, women may share their own tales on digital platforms, forming a collective narrative that appeals to women of all backgrounds. These projects help create a more inclusive depiction of Pakistani women in the media by elevating varied viewpoints. Shattering Conventions in the Entertainment Industry Women-led media projects are challenging the current quo and rewriting the stories in the entertainment industry. Storytelling is changing in Pakistani theatre and cinema, shifting from cliched storylines to more real and powerful portrayals of women thanks to the rise of female directors, producers, and writers.   Television programmes such as “Churails” and “Mera Saaein” are dispelling preconceptions and tackling topics including gender-based violence, sexism, and patriarchy. These stories encourage a cultural shift in society ideas by being both educational and entertaining.   Image Source : Zee5.com In Pakistan, female-led media projects are changing the perception of a historically male-dominated field. By means of journalism, filmmaking, internet platforms, and entertainment, these endeavours enable women to narrate their stories, question established conventions, and foster a more varied and inclusive media environment. As these campaigns get up steam, they open the door to a time when women’s opinions are valued and heard, which will eventually lead to the creation of a society that is more just and progressive.

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